Judaism Step-by-step

Divisions 1 -

Orthodox and Reform

Orthodox and Progressive Jews

This division is central to Judaism, but has never been the focus of a question in the exam! I think this is because you should refer to Orthodox and Reform beliefs and practices in every question. The closest question to this topic was [1999 Q4]:

(c) 'People who belong to the same religion should all have exactly the same beliefs.'

Do you agree? Give reasons to support your answer and show that you have thought about different points of view. You must refer to Judaism in your answer. [5]

Remember, to answer this question you should start with the most difficult point of view first. I would start by explaining why you must have key beliefs in common. In Judaism, this would be the covenant relationship; beliefs about God as creator and sustainer; monotheism (belief in only on God); belief in the Torah. I would then go on to explain why people in a religion will never 'all have exactly the same beliefs'. This is where you could talk about Orthodox and Reform Jews.

For a good introduction, have a look at RE-XS's Groups within Judaism
A more complex and thorough treatment is given in Judaism101's Movements of Judaism

Helpful definitions:

Ultra-Orthodox	Orthodox	Reform	Liberal
A movement started in Eastern Europe in the 17th Century. Generally known as Chassidic Jews, the ultra-orthodox live in close-knit communities with their own schools, synagogues etc.	Orthodox Jews believe the Torah is God's word and is unchanging. They observe all of the commandments, even when they can't see a meaningful reason for them - God knows the reason.	Reform Jews believe that the word of God is interpreted by human beings, so laws can be changed and updated. They look at the purpose behind the rules, not just the rule itself.	Liberal Jews believe that all Jews should study Jewish beliefs and practices and decide for themselves what Judaism should consist of.

Have a go at the following question:

(a) Describe how and explain why Orthodox and Reform Jews differ in their beliefs and practices. [8]

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