Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering is an umbrella term whose meaning is constantly changing. It has been used to include eugenics, stem-cell research, therapeutic cloning etc. Although I consider cloning to fall outside the umbrella of genetic engineering in the strictest sense, human cloning appears in Bob Bowie's brief but excellent and OCR-approved course guide (strongly recommended as the closest thing to a syllabus for the OCR Philosophy and Ethics A level).
On this site, I use the terms 'genetics' and 'genetic engineering' interchangably. Whilst I personally prefer 'genetics', the exam board uses the term 'genetic engineering' in the syallabus. Although the concept of engineering genes does exclude various genetic procedures (like reproductive cloning), I'm not sure that it was intended to. Engineering implies some sort of alteration of genes, which is why the term 'genetics' is preferable .
A good place to start would be to look at types of genetic engineering and cloning:
| Types of Genetic Engineering |  |
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| Embryo Cloning and Therapeutic Cloning | |
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| Reproductive Cloning | |
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